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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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042489
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04248900.010
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1990-09-17
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BUSINESS, Page 53Crackdown on the Swiss LaundryStung by a scandal, the government aims to block drug money
Behind every successful drug syndicate lies a complex mechanism
for recycling bundles of tainted cash into respectable assets. But
until two years ago, when Los Angeles narcotics officers seized
three Zurich-bound suitcases stuffed with $2 million in currency,
there was little hard evidence to implicate the venerable
granite-walled banks of Switzerland in such schemes. Since then
Swiss banks have been chastened by the disclosure that their
accounts were used in a billion-dollar money-laundering operation.
The resulting political scandal, in which the Justice Minister was
forced to resign, ranks as the worst in modern Swiss history.
In response, the Swiss government has promised to draft tough
anti-laundering legislation by mid-May. Last week the federal
banking commission announced that it will introduce stiff
regulations on bank-note trading to prevent drug traffickers and
other criminals from using the country's famed secret bank
accounts. The commission also published a 28-page report that
faulted Credit Suisse, which handled the bulk of the money in the
billion-dollar scheme, for inadequately supervising its accounts.
Money laundering is not a crime in Switzerland unless it can
be shown that the cash flows from criminal activities. Yet
Switzerland is a magnet for money launderers because of its
legitimate multibillion-dollar trade in foreign bank notes. As much
as 3,000 lbs. of foreign currency arrives daily at Zurich's Kloten
airport. Much of the cash represents earnings from tourism, which
each country's banks exchange for local currency. Swiss authorities
are investigating charges that Lebanese currency dealer Barkev
Magharian, 35, and his brother Jean, 44, both of whom are now in
custody, took advantage of that market by laundering around $1
billion, a sum that allegedly included drug profits. At least some
of the proceeds were reportedly sent back to drug kingpins in Los
Angeles.
In a report last year on the money-laundering affair, Swiss
Federal Prosecutor Dick Marty mentioned the Zurich currency-dealing
firm Sharkarchi Trading. The company denies any involvement in
money laundering. Shortly before publication of the prosecutor's
report, Hans Kopp, a prominent Zurich lawyer and husband of Justice
Minister Elisabeth Kopp, resigned his positions as a director and
vice chairman of Sharkarchi. Mrs. Kopp later resigned after
admitting that she had warned her husband of the impending scandal.
A criminal probe will determine whether she violated official
strictures of secrecy.
The laundering affair has focused attention on the need for
other Swiss banking reforms. One possible target: the absence of
requirements for full, consolidated financial statements. Most
Swiss banks use evasive but perfectly legal bookkeeping that
eliminates disclosures about the performance of parts of their
holdings. What remains to be seen is how vigorously the banks will
defend themselves against the reform wave and whether their
reputation for probity and prudence will survive the fray.